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Codling Moth

The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is one of the most common and destructive pests of apple, pear, and similar fruits, and can also affect walnuts and some stone fruits. The larval stage is the main cause of damage: small cream-colored caterpillars with brown heads bore directly into fruit, feeding on the flesh and seeds. This tunneling not only reduces marketable yield but also increases the risk of secondary infections by fungi and bacteria.

Adult codling moths are small, gray-brown moths with distinctive banding on the wings. While they do not feed on the fruit, they lay eggs on leaves and fruit surfaces, initiating the next generation of larvae. Multiple generations per season can occur, depending on temperature and local conditions.

Recognize the signs of infestation

Pheromone traps capture adults. Infested fruits show entry holes and frass.

  • Entry holes in fruit: Small punctures or holes, often with frass (sawdust-like excrement) visible at the surface.
  • Tunnels inside fruit: Larvae bore through flesh to reach seeds, leaving brown, frass-filled galleries.
  • Premature fruit drop: Infested fruits may fall before harvest.
  • Frass deposits: Small droppings near entry holes or at the calyx end.
  • Visible larvae: Cream-colored caterpillars may be found inside the fruit.
  • Leaf and shoot feeding (less common): Some related fruit pests feed on young leaves or shoots, causing minor defoliation.

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